Mobile communication system, mobile terminal, base station, radio network controller, information rate control method therefor and program therefor

ABSTRACT

A method according to the present invention comprises determining an available information rate for communication, via a first base station, between a plurality of terminals and a second base station based on link capacity information for wireless communication between the first base station and the second base station, and controlling each of information rates for the communication between the plurality of terminals and the second base station based on the available information rate. Here, the plurality of terminals and the first base station being in a mobile object, the second base station being outside the mobile object.

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority fromJapanese Patent Application No. 2004-192386, filed on Jun. 30, 2004, thecontent of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates to a mobile communication system, a mobileterminal, a radio base station, a radio network controller, a method forcontrolling an information rate for the information transmitted to andfrom the mobile, and a program therefor. More particularly, the presentinvention relates to a mobile communication system in which the mobileterminal and the base station are in a mobile objects and the mobileterminal originates or terminates a call via the radio base station.

2. Description of the Related Art

Mobile communication systems are desired to allow user terminals toperform communication at any time in any place. The user terminals aremobile terminals and each of the user terminals must be assigned acommunication channel irrespective of the moving states of the userterminals or the distribution thereof so as to perform communication atany time in any place.

In conventional mobile communication systems, user terminals can performcommunication irrespective of whether the user terminals stand still,are carried by walking users, or stay on vehicles.

As an example of the system described above, the Japanese Laid-OpenPatent Application No. 2001-44930 shows a communication system in whichuser terminals communicate with a radio base station that is installedon the ground or disposed in a building on a stationary basis. Further,as another example of the system above, the Japanese Laid-Open PatentApplication No. 07-154856 shows a communication system in which a mobileradio base station such as a communications satellite communicates withuser terminals while moving along an orbit or the like.

In these communication system shown in the Japanese Laid-Open PatentApplications, even if a user terminal lies in a vehicle, a train or anyother mobile object, the user terminal communicates with a radio basestation located outside the mobile object. Accordingly, even though theuser terminal does not move relatively to the mobile object, the userterminal is affected by the movement of the mobile object relative tothe radio base station. Therefore, the user terminal lying in the mobileobject and the radio base station disposed outside the mobile object ona stationary basis must have many control functions included therein.

Furthermore, in this case, the radio base station disposed outside themobile object needs the same number of radio control units as the numberof user terminals that lie in the mobile object. The radio control unitsmaintain the communication with the respective user terminals that liein the mobile object.

In order to improve a mobile communication system in terms of theproblem described above, a communication system called Moving Network isproposed. In the communication network, the communication between aradio base station disposed outside the mobile object and the mobileobject may be established via a base station in the mobile object usingan integrated single radio link irrespective of the number of userterminals lying in the same mobile object.

The mobile communication system called Moving Network has been proposedin order to provide a mobile communication service, which is equivalentto that for user terminals outside a mobile object, for user terminalsthat lie in the mobile object, such as a train or a bus that moves onthe ground, a marine vessel that moves on the sea and an airplane thatmoves in the air.

In the Moving Network, a base station is implemented in a mobile objectthat communicates with a base station located outside the mobile object.User terminals existing in a mobile object communicate with a basestation in the mobile object rather than a base station outside themobile object.

FIG. 22 schematically shows the moving network. Referring to FIG. 22,the moving network comprises a radio network controller 14, a radio basestation outside a mobile object (B) 12-1, a relay base station 13, radiobase station in the mobile object (B) 12-2, a user terminal outside themobile object (B) 1-3 and user terminals in the mobile object (B) 11-1and 11-2. The radio network controller 14 is connected to a plurality ofradio base stations including the base station 12-1 and maintainscommunications with the user terminals while the user terminals movewithin a service area. The radio base station 12-1 is normally installedon a stationary basis. The radio base station 12-1 can be connected tothe user terminals over a radio link.

The relay base station 13 within the mobile object B has a relayfacility via which communication is established with the user terminals11-1 and 11-2 lying in the mobile object B. The relay base station 13includes a communication facility via which communication is establishedwith the stationary radio base station 12-1, and a communicationfacility via which communication is established with the radio basestation 12-2. The radio base station 12-2 establishes communication withthe user terminals 1-1 and 1-2 in the mobile object B.

One of advantages of the moving network architecture is that a useefficiency of a radio link between the radio station in a moving objectand a base station outside the moving object can be improved byemploying a high-performance processing unit and high-precision antennafacilities in these base stations.

Another advantage of the moving network is that the user terminal needsto transmit radio waves with an intensity sufficient only to bepropagated from a user terminal to the base station in the mobileobject, providing an improved use efficiency of a resource of radiowaves. This advantage is highly appreciated because, in most cases, theuser terminal is equipped with an omni-directional antenna which has adirectivity in all directions which transmits radio waves to alldirections and may provide a deteriorated use efficiency of a radioresource of radio waves. Here, in most cases, the user terminal isequipped with an omni-directional antenna because the physical size of auser terminal is limited, the throughput of a processor employed islimited, and it is hard to determine the direction of radio wavespropagated from the user terminal or the direction of radio waves to bereceived by the user terminal while the user terminal moves within amobile object.

Next, a control method regarding the moving network for controllingtransmit power of radio-waves and a information rate for communicationbetween a user terminal and a base station in a moving object will beexplained. A base station and a relay base station in a mobile objectcommunicates with a radio base station disposed outside the mobileobject within a service area covered by the mobile communication system.A communication link employed for general user terminals is used evenfor the communication between the relay base station and the basestation outside the mobile object unless there is a communication linkdedicated to the mobile object.

While a mobile object is moving, if the mobile object enters an area inwhich many user terminals perform communication, a radio link capacityusable by the mobile object diminishes. In addition, the link capacitymay be changed due to a change in radio-wave propagation condition.

Where the radio link capacity diminishes, if transmission power for theuser terminals in the mobile object to perform communication is heldintact, interference power that adversely affects other user terminalsin the mobile object increases. Consequently, an information erroroccurs at the user terminals. Therefore, power must be reduced bycontrolling transmission power according to the radio link capacity.

However, when transmission power is merely decreased, an informationerror occurs in information being transmitted to or received from theuser terminals in the mobile object. In order to avoid informationerrors, an information rate must be lowered along with a decrease in theradio link capacity.

A information rate may be adjusted by changing a compression ratio aslong as, for example, a voice service is provided using a compressionvoice coder/decoder. The information rate is usually varied depending onwhether a speaker utters voice. However, the information rate may bevaried when the capacity of a radio link is increased or decreased. Forreference, when a compression ratio is increased, voice becomes coarse.On the other hand, when the compression ratio is decreased, voicebecomes fine. If a shortage in a radio link capacity occurs, a speakermay sacrifice quality of voice and increase the compression ratio. Thus,the radio link capacity can be saved. However, a listening side cannotlisten to clear voice. The foregoing treatment should preferably beperformed because even when audio information exhibits a highinformation rate, if the audio information contains numerous informationerrors, normal voice cannot be reproduced. Moreover, although a radiolink capacity diminishes, if communication proceeds at a highinformation rate, radio communication powers to be supplied to otheruser terminals will be interfered.

In the moving network, the relay unit interposed between the userterminals and the radio base station installed outside the mobile objectis generally a mere relay facility. Therefore, normally, transmissionpower and a information rate may be controlled according to a controlprocedure described below.

That is, the control procedure comprises:

-   -   (1) Assessing a radio link capacity between a relay unit in a        mobile object and a radio base station disposed outside the        mobile object, and detecting a decrease in the capacity;    -   (2) Reducing transmission power so as to adjust the transmission        power in line with the link capacity;    -   (3) Neglecting a reception error occurring in communication        between the relay unit in the mobile object and the radio base        station disposed outside the mobile object because the        transmission power cannot be increased;    -   (4) Detecting occurrence of a reception error in communication        between the radio base station and any of the user terminals in        the mobile object (the reception error in information may occur        at the user terminals independently of one another);    -   (5) Decreasing an information rate for the communication between        each user terminal and the radio base station in the moving        object through negotiation between each user terminal and a        voice coder included in core equipment;    -   (6) Recognizing a decrease in the number of errors in        communication between each user terminal and the base station in        the mobile object;    -   (7) Observing a decrease in the number of reception errors in        communication between the relay unit in the mobile object and        the radio base station disposed outside the mobile object; and    -   (8) Continuing the communication at the information rate        suitable for the link capacity between the relay unit in the        mobile object and the radio base station disposed outside the        mobile object.

According to the foregoing conventional control procedure, a capacity ofa radio link between the mobile object and the radio base stationdisposed outside the mobile object is assessed in order to detect adecrease in the capacity. Thereafter, transmission power forcommunication between them is reduced, and then a user terminalexperiences errors in received information due to the transmission powerreduction. Finally, the user terminal reduces the information rate so asto reduce the number of the errors. Thus, the problem regarding theconventional control procedure is that it takes a long time to cope witha decrease in a link capacity and a user experiences defectivecommunication until the information rate is reduced and the procedure iscompleted.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An exemplary object of the present invention is to solve the foregoingproblems and to provide an improved mobile communication system whereina information rate for communication performed by a user terminal in amobile object can be adjusted quickly and an error in the communicationcan be suppressed.

A method according to the present invention comprises determining anavailable information rate for communication, via a first base station,between a plurality of terminals and a second base station based on linkcapacity information for wireless communication between the first basestation and the second base station, and controlling each of informationrates for the communication between the plurality of terminals and thesecond base station based on the available information rate. Here, theplurality of terminals and the first base station being in a mobileobject, the second base station being outside the mobile object.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the presentinvention will become better understood with reference to the followingdescription, amended claims, and accompanying drawings, which should notbe read to limit the invention in any way, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a mobile communication system inaccordance with a first exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 2 shows a structure of a user terminal shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a structure of a relay unit shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 shows a structure of a radio base station in a mobile objectshown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 shows a structure of a radio base station outside the mobileshown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 shows a structure of a radio network controller shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart describing operations to be performed by the radionetwork controller shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a sequence chart showing operations to be performed in themobile communication system in accordance with the first exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 9 is a sequence chart showing operations to be performed in themobile communication system in accordance with the first exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 10 is a sequence chart showing operations to be performed in themobile communication system in accordance with the first exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 11 is a sequence chart showing operations to be performed in themobile communication system in accordance with the first exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 12 is a sequence chart showing operations to be performed in themobile communication system in accordance with a second exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart describing operations to be performed by theradio network controller in a third exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a sequence chart showing operations to be performed in themobile communication system in accordance with the third exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 15 is a sequence chart showing operations to be performed in themobile communication system in accordance with the third exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 16 shows a structure of a radio network controller in a fourthembodiment;

FIG. 17 shows associations between user terminals in a mobile object anda coder/decoder;

FIG. 18 shows a flowchart describing operations to be performed by theradio network controller shown in FIG. 16;

FIG. 19 shows a structure of a radio network controller included in afifth embodiment;

FIG. 20 shows a flowchart describing the operations to be performed bythe radio network controller shown in FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 shows a mobile object that is included in the fifth embodimentof the present invention and that is navigated along a laid track suchas a railway track; and

FIG. 22 shows a configuration of a mobile communication system inaccordance with a related art.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In a mobile communication system according to the present intention, auser terminal in a mobile object, such as a train, an automobile, aplane and so on, communicates, via a first base station in the mobileobject, with the second base station outside the mobile object. Both thecommunication between the user terminal and the first base station andbetween the first base station and second base station are wirelesscommunication. The user terminal communicates with the second basestation or a core equipment coupled to the second base station at acertain information rate.

A radio network controller coupled to the second base station controlsthe information rate based on a capacity of a link between the firstbase station and second base station. Specifically, the radio networkcontroller may determine an available information rate based on the linkcapacity and controls the information rate based on the availableinformation rate. The available information rate may be determined by acalculation based on the link capacity or may be determined by apredetermined relation between the link capacity and the availableinformation rate. For example, the link capacity may be represented byat least one of noise power or interference power received at the firstbase station or the second base station. Furthermore, the availableinformation rate may be determined based on a predetermined relationbetween at least one of the noise power or the interference power andthe available information rate (e.g., a look-up table). The radionetwork controller may separately control an information rate for uplinkcommunication (an uplink information rate) based on an uplink capacityand an information rate for downlink communication (a downlinkinformation rate) based on a downlink capacity. Specifically, the radionetwork controller may control the uplink information rate byinstructing the user terminal to change the uplink information rate.Similarly, the radio network controller may control the downlinkinformation rate by instructing the core equipment or the second basestation to change the downlink information rate.

Information about the link capacity may be sent from at least one of thefirst base station or the second base station to the radio networkcontroller. Specifically, the first base station in the mobile objectmay measure a downlink capacity and may send downlink capacityinformation to the radio network controller. Similarly, the second radiobase station outside the mobile object may measure an uplink capacityand may send uplink capacity information to the radio networkcontroller.

Additionally, the radio network controller may send a request for thelink capacity information to at least one of the first base station orthe second base station and may receive the link capacity information asa response to the request. Furthermore, the radio network controller mayreceive the link capacity information that is voluntarily sent by atleast one of the first base station or the second base station.

Accordingly, the information rate may be adjusted quickly, suppressing acommunication error due to a change in the link capacity.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below withreference to the attached figures. The described exemplary embodimentsare intended to assist in the understanding of the invention and are notintended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a mobilecommunication system in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment.The mobile communication system provides the same mobile communicationservice to user terminals 1-1 and 1-2 which exist in a mobile object Aas that to a user terminal 1-3 located outside the mobile object A. Themobile object A may be a train and a bus that moves on the ground, amarine vessel that moves on the sea, an airplane that moves in the airand so on.

Referring to FIG. 1, the mobile communication system in accordance withthe first exemplary embodiment of the present invention comprises theuser terminals 1-1 and 1-2 in the mobile object A, the user terminal 1-3outside the mobile object A, a radio base station 2-1 disposed outsidethe mobile object A (hereinafter, radio base station 2-1 outside themobile object A), a radio base station 2-2 in the mobile object A, arelay unit 3, base station control equipment (or a radio networkcontroller (RNC)) 4, and core equipment 5.

The mobile communication system in accordance with the first exemplaryembodiment of the present invention may be a system called a movingnetwork in which communication is established between each of the userterminals 1-1 and 1-2 in the mobile object A and the radio base station2-1 via the radio base station 2-2 and the relay unit 3 in the mobileobject A. The radio base station 2-2 and the relay unit 3 may beincorporated with each other to be a single apparatus.

FIG. 2 shows a structure of the user terminal 1-1 and 1-2. As shown inFIG. 2, the user terminal 1-1 and 1-2 comprises a transceiver 110 andcontroller 111. The transceiver 110 is configured to transmit wirelesssignals to the radio base station 2-2 in the mobile object and toreceive wireless signals from the radio base station 2-2. Further more,the transceiver 110 is configured to sends signals to the controller 111and to receive signals from the controller 111. The controller 111 isconfigured to control the user terminal voluntarily or based on signalsfrom the radio base station 2-2. For example, the controller 111 isconfigured to control transmission power of wireless signal transmittedfrom the transceiver 110 and an information rate for the communicationbetween the user terminal and the core equipment 5. For example, thecontroller 111 may change the information rate by changing the number ofcodes per unit time in encoding information to be transmit by thetransceiver 110.

The radio base station 2-2 in the mobile object A establishes acommunication with each of the user terminals 1-1 and 1-2 in the mobileobject A.

FIG. 3 shows a structure of the radio base station 2-2 in the mobileobject A. As shown in FIG. 3, the radio base station 2-2 comprises atransceiver 210 and a controller 211. The transceiver 210 is configuredto transmit wireless signals to the user terminal 1-1 and 1-2 in themobile object A and to receive wireless signal from the user terminal1-1 and 1-2. Also, the transceiver 210 is configured to transmit signalsto the radio base station 2-1 outside the mobile object A via the relayunit 3 in the mobile object A and to receive signals from the radio basestation 2-1 via the relay unit 3. The controller 211 is configured tocontrol the radio base station 2-2 voluntarily or based on signals fromthe radio base station 2-1. For example, the controller 211 isconfigured to control transmission power of wireless signal transmittedfrom the transceiver 210.

The relay unit 3 in the mobile object A is responsible for establishinga communication between each of the user terminals 1-1 and 1-2 in themobile object A and the radio base station 2-1 outside the mobile objectA.

FIG. 4 shows a structure of the relay unit 3. As shown in FIG. 4, therelay unit 3 comprises a transceiver 310 and a controller 311. Thetransceiver 310 is configured to transmit wireless signals to the basestation 2-1 outside the mobile object A and to receive wireless signalfrom the base station 2-1. Also, the transceiver 310 is configured totransmit signals to the radio base station 2-2 in the mobile object Aand to receive signals from the radio base station 2-2. The controller311 is configured to control the relay unit 3 voluntarily or based onsignals from the radio base station 2-1. For examples, the controller311 is configured to control transmission power of wireless signaltransmitted from the transceiver 310. Further, the controller 311 isconfigured to observe or measure a link capacity for communicationbetween the relay base station 3 and the radio base station 2-1 outsidethe mobile object A. For example, the controller 311 may observe ormeasure the link capacity by measuring an error rate on informationreceived by the transceiver 310 via wireless signals, such as a biterror rate (BER), a frame error rate (FER), a symbol error rate/ratio(SER) and so on or by measuring a signal to noise ratio (SNR), a carrierto interference ratio (CIR) and so on.

The radio base station 2-2 and the relay unit 3 may be incorporated witheach other. In this case, the controller 211 and the controller 311 maybe incorporated with each other. Also, the transceiver 210 and thetransceiver 310 may be incorporated with each other.

FIG. 5 shows a structure of the radio base station 2-1. As shown in FIG.5, the radio base station 2-1 comprises a transceiver 410 and acontroller 411. The transceiver 410 is configured to transmit wirelesssignals to the relay unit 3 in the mobile object A and to receivewireless signal from the relay unit 3. Also, the transceiver 410 isconfigured to transmit signals to the radio network controller 4 and toreceive signals from the radio network controller 4. The controller 411is configured to control the radio base station 2-1 voluntarily or basedon signals from the radio network controller 4 or the relay base station3. For examples, the controller 411 is configured to controltransmission power of wireless signal transmitted from the transceiver410. Further, the controller 411 is configured to observe or measure alink capacity for communication between the relay base station 3 and theradio base station 2-1. For example, the controller 411 may observe ormeasure the link capacity by measuring an error rate on informationreceived by the transceiver 410 via wireless signals, such as a biterror rate (BER), a frame error rate (FER), a symbol error rate/ratio(SER) and so on or by measuring a signal to noise ratio (SNR), a carrierto interference ratio (CIR) and so on.

In the mobile communication system in accordance with the presentembodiment, the user terminals 1-1, 1-2 and 1-3 communicate with thecore equipment 5 via the radio base station 2-1. The user terminal 1-3outside the mobile object A, communicates directly with the radio basestation 2-1 outside the mobile object A. On the other hand, as describedabove, the user terminal 1-1 or 1-2 in the mobile object A communicatewith the radio base station 2-1 outside the mobile object A via therelay base station 3 and the base station 2-2 in the mobile object Arather than directly with the radio base station 2-1.

Here, a radio link between the radio base station 2-1 outside the mobileobject A and the relay unit 3, and a radio link between the radio basestation 2-2 in the mobile object A and the user terminal 1-1 or 1-2 inthe mobile object A may use signals in the identical frequency band witheach other or signals in different frequency bands than each other.

The communication between the radio base station 2-1 outside the mobileobject A and the relay unit 3 is equivalent to the communication betweenthe radio base station 2-1 outside the mobile object A and the userterminal 1-3 outside the mobile object A. Therefore, transmission powerfor the communication between the radio base station 2-1 and the relayunit 3 is controlled according to a change in a radio-wave propagationcondition between the radio base station 2-1 in order to maintain highcommunication quality and an optimized traffic while the mobile object Amoves.

Conventional transmission power controls can apply to the transmissionpower control in the present embodiment. Therefore, a detailedexplanation of the transmission power control will be omitted but theoutline thereof will be given below. Namely, the transmission powercontrol comprises increasing the transmission power so as to compensatefor degradation in the quality of received information caused by thepositional relationship between an antenna included in the radio basestation 2-1 and an antenna included in the relay unit 3, and/ordecreasing the transmission power when the quality of receivedinformation is higher than predetermined quality. Owing to thetransmission power control, the transmission power for the communicationbetween the radio base station 2-1 and the relay unit 3 variestime-sequentially.

The radio link between the radio base station 2-1 and the relay unit 3comprises a downlink extending from the radio base station 2-1 to therelay unit 3, and a uplink extending from the relay unit 3 to the radiobase station 2-1. Transmission power for communication on the downlinkand power on the uplink must be controlled independently of each other.The transmission power control in the present embodiment is not limitedto the conventional transmission power control described above, and anytransmission power controls that can maintain high communication qualityand an optimized traffic while the mobile object A moves may apply tothe present embodiment. Furthermore, the mobile communication system inthe present exemplary embodiment may omit the transmission power controlin a situation where only permissible deterioration in communicationquality occurs.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the structure of the radio networkcontroller 4 shown in FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 6, the radio networkcontroller 4 is responsible for the aforesaid transmission powercontrol, and comprises a link capacity acquiring portion 41, aninformation rate calculator 42, and an information rate-of-user terminaldesignator 43, a storage portion 44 and a transceiver 45.

The transceiver 45 is configured to transmit signals to the base station2-1 and to receive signals from the base station 2-1. Also, thetransceiver 45 is configured to transmit signals to the core equipment 5and to receive signals from the core equipment 5. The link capacityacquiring portion 41 is configured to acquire, via the transceiver 45,capacity of a link between the relay unit 3 in the mobile object A andthe radio base station 2-1 outside the mobile object A. The linkcapacity acquiring portion 41 acquires uplink capacity from the radiobase station 2-1 and acquires downlink capacity from the replay radiobase station 3. The information rate calculator 42 is configured tocalculate an available information rate for the communication betweenthe user terminals 1-1 and 1-2 in the mobile object A and the coreequipment 5 by using the link capacities acquired by the link capacityacquiring portion 41. The information rate calculator 42 calculates anavailable uplink information rate and an available downlink informationrate from the uplink capacity and the downlink capacity, respectively.

The information rate designator 43 is configured to designate andcontrol each of information rates for the communication between the userterminals 1-1 and 1-2 and the core equipment 5, so that the sum of theinformation rates will not exceed the available information ratecalculated by the information rate calculator 42.

The radio network controller 4 includes a computer that comprises atleast a central processing unit (CPU) (not shown) and a RAM (not shown)that provides a work area for calculation. Programs to be run in the RAMby the CPU are stored in the storage portion 44.

The core equipment 5 comprises a coder/decoder 51. The coder 51 isconfigured to change the information rate for the communication betweenthe user terminal and the core equipment 5 based on signals from theradio network controller 4 or signals from the user terminal.Specifically, the coder/decoder 51 may change the information rate bychanging the number of codes per unit time in encoding information to betransmit to the user terminal 1-1 and/or 1-2. The coder/decoder 51 maybe a voice coder/decoder, an image encoder/decoder or any otherinformation production unit. The function and structure of the coreequipment 5 described above may be incorporated in the base station 2-1or the radio network controller 4.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart describing operations to be performed by the radionetwork controller 4 shown in FIG. 1. The operation of the radio networkcontroller 4 may be obtained based on the structure explained inreference to FIG. 6. Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 7, the operations ofthe radio network controller 4 will be described below. The operationsdescribed in FIG. 7 may be obtained by a program that is stored in thestorage portion and is run by the CPU.

The radio network controller 4 recognizes the necessity of assessing thecapacity of the link between the relay unit 3 in the mobile object A andthe radio base station 2-1 outside the mobile object. The radio networkcontroller 4 may recognize the necessity of assessing the link capacityby using a error rate or other physical parameter on the informationtransferred between the replay radio base station 3 and the base station2-1. For example, the radio network controller 4 may recognize that itis necessary to assess the link capacity when the error rate or thephysical parameter exceeds a predetermined value The error rate or thephysical parameter may be a bit error rate (BER), a frame error rate(FER) a symbol error rate/ratio (SER), a signal to noise ratio (SNR), acarrier to interference ratio (CIR) and so on. The error rate or thephysical parameter may be measured and sent to the radio networkcontroller 4 by the replay radio base station 3, the radio base station2-1 or the user terminal 1-1 or 1-2. (step S1 in FIG. 7). The radionetwork controller 4 then transmits a link capacity assessment requestor a request for the link capacity information to both the radio basestation 2-1 and the relay unit 3 (step S2 in FIG. 7).

The radio network controller 4 receives link capacity information as aresponse, which is a result of observation or measurement of linkcapacity, from the radio base station 2-1 or the relay unit 3. The radionetwork controller 4 may receive uplink capacity information from theradio base station 2-1 and receive downlink capacity information fromthe relay unit 3 (step S7 in FIG. 7). The radio network controller 4then analyzes the contents of the response (step S4 in FIG. 7), anddetermines based on the radio link capacity information whether aninformation rate for the communication between the user terminals 1-1and 1-2 in the mobile object A and the core equipment 5 should becontrolled. Specifically, the radio network controller may determinewhether the information rate should be controlled based on an availablelink capacity calculated by using the link capacity information asdescribed above in reference to FIG. 6. Furthermore, the radio basestation 4 may determine that it is necessary to decrease the informationrate if determining that the transmission power for the communicationbetween the relay unit 3 and the radio base station 2-1 can not beincreased so as to improve quality of the communication, such as a errorrate, based on the link capacity information. For example, it may bedetermined whether the transmission power can be increased based on thenumber of user terminals communicating via the relay unit 3 and so on.Additionally, if necessary, the transmission power for the communicationbetween the relay unit 3 and the radio base station 2-1 may be reducedbased on the link capacity information. (step S5 in FIG. 7).

Based on a result of the determination, the radio network controller 4designates and controls an information rate for each of the userterminals 1-1 and 1-2 (step S6 in FIG. 7). Specifically, the radionetwork controller 4 may decrease the downlink information rate bygiving the core equipment 5 an instruction to decrease the downlinkinformation rate by decreasing the number of codes per unit time inencoding information to be transmitted to the user terminals. On theother hand, the radio network controller 4 may decrease the uplinkinformation rate by giving the user terminal 1-1 and/or 1-2, via radiobase station 2-1, the relay base station 3, and the radio base station2-2, an instruction to decrease the uplink information rate bydecreasing the number of codes per unit time in encoding information tobe transmit to the core equipment 5.

FIG. 8 shows a sequence of assessing the downlink capacity between theradio base station 2-1 outside the mobile object A and the relay unit 3in the mobile object A.

Referring to FIG. 8, when the radio network controller 4 recognizes thenecessity of assessing the capacity of the downlink between the relayunit 3 and the radio base station 2-1, the radio network controller 4transmits a downlink capacity assessment request to the radio basestation 2-1 (a1 in FIG. 8). Subsequently, the radio base station 2-1transfers the downlink capacity assessment request to the relay unit 3.(a2 in FIG. 8).

In response to the request, the relay unit 3 returns the downlinkcapacity information as a response, which is the result of observationor measurement of the down link capacity. The relay unit 3 may observeor measure the downlink capacity by measuring an error rate oninformation received from the radio base station 2-1, such as a biterror rate (BER), a frame error rate (FER), a symbol error rate/ratio(SER) and so on or by measuring a signal to noise ratio (SNR), a carrierto interference ratio (CIR) and so on. (a3 in FIG. 8). Subsequently, theradio base station 2-1 transfers the downlink capacity information tothe radio network controller 4 (a4 in FIG. 8).

FIG. 9 shows a sequence of assessing the uplink capacity between theradio base station 2-1 outside the mobile object A and the relay unit 3in the mobile object A.

Referring to FIG. 9, when the radio network controller 4 recognizes thenecessity of assessing the capacity of the uplink between the relay unit3 and the radio base station 2-1, the radio network controller 4transmits a uplink capacity assessment request to the radio base station2-1 (z1 in FIG. 9). In response to the request, the radio base station2-1 returns the uplink capacity information as a response, which is theresult of observation or measurement of the uplink capacity. The relayunit 3 may observe or measure the uplink capacity by measuring an errorrate on information received from the relay unit 3, such as a bit errorrate (BER), a frame error rate (FER), a symbol error rate/ratio (SER)and so on or by measuring a signal to noise ratio (SNR), a carrier tointerference ratio (CIR) and so on (z2 in FIG. 9).

The radio network controller 4 analyzes the contents of the responsereturned from the radio base station 2-1 or the relay unit 3. The radionetwork controller 4 then determines based on the uplink capacityinformation and the downlink capacity information whether an uplinkinformation rate and a downlink information rate for the communicationbetween each of the user terminals 1-1 and 1-2 and the core equipment 5should be decreased in the same manner as described with respect FIG. 7.

FIG. 10 is a sequence chart indicating an exemplary operation ofchanging information rates in the mobile communication system inaccordance with the first embodiment. FIG. 10 shows a sequence ofinstructing relevant user terminals #1 to #3 (including user terminal1-1 and 1-2) to change their information rates in a situation where theradio base station 2-1 outside the mobile object A sends a uplinkcapacity information notifying of a decrease in the uplink capacity. Theuser terminals #1 to #3 exist in the mobile object A.

Referring to FIG. 10, the radio network controller 4 receives the uplinkcapacity information from the radio base station 2-1, and recognizes thenecessity of decreasing information transfer rates for communicationbetween the user terminals #1 to #3 and the core equipment 5 (b1 in FIG.10). The radio network controller 4 then transmits information ratechange messages to the user terminals #1 to #3 (b2 to b4 in FIG. 10). Inresponse to the information rate change messages, the user terminals #1to #3 reduces the information rate for the information to be transmittedto the core equipment 5.

FIG. 11 is a sequence chart indicating another exemplary operation ofchanging information rates in the mobile communication system inaccordance with the first embodiment. FIG. 11 shows a sequence ofinstructing the core equipment 5 to change information rates for theinformation transmitted to the user terminals #1 to #3 in a situationwhere the relay unit 3 in the mobile object A sends to the radio networkcontroller 4 downlink capacity information notifying of a decrease inthe downlink capacity.

Referring to FIG. 11, the radio network controller 4 receives thedownlink capacity information from the relay unit 3. If the radionetwork controller 4 recognizes the necessity of decreasing the downlinkinformation rates for the communication between the user terminals #1 to#3 and the core equipment 5 (c1 and c2 in FIG. 11), the radio networkcontroller 4 instructs a coder/decoder 51 included in the core equipment5 to change downlink information rates (c3 to c5 in FIG. 11).

FIG. 12 is a sequence chart of a mobile communication system accordingto a second exemplary embodiment in which a information rate control isactivated following a transmission power control. FIG. 12 shows anoperation of the second exemplary embodiment in a situation where theradio network controller 4 receives a uplink capacity informationnotifying of a decrease in a radio uplink capacity.

Assuming that the radio base station 2-1 outside the mobile object Adetects a shortage in an uplink capacity (d1 in FIG. 12) or that theradio network controller 4 detects the shortage in the uplink capacity(not shown), the radio network controller 4 transmits an uplinktransmission power reduction instruction to the relay unit 3 via theradio base station 2-1 (d2 and d3 in FIG. 12). In response to the uplinktransmission power reduction instruction, the relay unit reducestransmission power for wireless signals to be transmitted to the radiobase station 2-1 (d10 in FIG. 12). Consequently, an error occurs ininformation transmitted from the user terminals # 1 to #3 to the coreequipment 5.

If the coder/decoder 51 included in the core equipment 5 or anerror-in-transferred information detecting feature (not shown) detectsan error information transmitted from the user terminals #1 to #3 (d4,d6, and d8 in FIG. 12), the radio network controller instructs the userterminals #1 to #3 to decrease their information rates (d5, d7, and d9in FIG. 12). In response to the instruction, the user terminal #1 to #3decrease the uplink information rate for the information transmittedfrom the user terminal #1 to #3 (d11 to d12 in FIG. 12).

The quality of information received by any of the user terminals #1 to#3 does not recover until the error rate in the information transferredfrom the user terminals becomes equal to or smaller than a given value.

The user terminals #1 to #3 are instructed independently of each otherresponsively to occurrence of an error in respective informationtransmitted from the user terminals. Therefore, if an error is detectedin information transmitted from the user terminal #1, the informationrate of the user terminal #1 is decreased. However, even if an error wasdetected in information transmitted from the user terminal #2 or #3, theinformation rate of the user terminal #2 or #3 may not be decreased.

For example, in a situation where errors are detected as to informationtransmitted from all the user terminal # 1 to #3, and the informationrate of the user terminal # 1 is decreased immediately, the amount ofinformation to be transmitted thereafter from the user terminal #1 islimited. If a lack of radio link capacity recovers owing to thedecreased information rate of the user terminal #1, the information rateof the user terminals #2 and #3 will not be decreased, although errorswere detected in information transmitted from the user terminal #2 and#3. This procedure may provide an unfair treatment of the userterminals.

Namely, one user terminal decreases its information rate because anerror first occurs in information transmitted to or from the userterminal. Owing to the sacrifice made by the user terminal, the otheruser terminal that has taken no measures against an error need not todecrease its information rate. Consequently, the user terminal that hastaken no measures reaps the benefit of high information quality. Theforegoing sequences are a mere example but may be different from actualmethods.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart describing operations to be performed by theradio network controller according to a third exemplary embodiment. Theconfiguration of a mobile communication system in accordance with thethird exemplary embodiment is identical to that of the mobilecommunication system in accordance with the first exemplary embodimentshown in FIG. 1. The configuration of the radio network controllerincluded in the third embodiment is identical to that of the radionetwork controller 4 included in the first exemplary embodiment shown inFIG. 6, except that the link capacity acquisition portion 41 isconfigured to send criterions for an assessment of link capacity to atleast one of the base station 2-1 or the relay base station 3 via thetransceiver 45. Referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 6, and FIG. 13, the operations to be performed by the radio network controller 4 included in thepresent embodiment will be described below. Here, the operationdescribed in FIG. 13 is obtained by the CPU that runs a program storedin the storage portion 44.

The radio network controller 4 sends in advance the criterions forassessment to the radio base station 2-1 outside the mobile object A andthe relay unit 3 in the mobile object A (step S11 in FIG. 13). Thecriterions may be set in the radio base station 2-1 and the relay unit 3in advance rather than sent from the radio network controller 4.

When a condition meets the criteria, the radio base station 2-1 and/orthe relay unit 3 decide that it is necessary to generate link capacityinformation. Subsequently, the radio base station and/or the radio basestation 3 sends to the radio network controller 4 link capacityinformation that is a result of observation or measurement of the linkcapacity. The criteria may be a signal to noise ratio (SNR), a carrierto interference ratio (CIR), a symbol error rate/ratio (SER), a biterror rate (BER), a frame error rate/ratio (FER) and so on. Accordingly,the radio base station 2-1 and/or the relay unit 3 may decide that it isnecessary to generate link capacity information when the error describedabove exceeds the criterion or when the ratio descried above becomeslower than the criterion. Furthermore, the radio base station 2-1 and/orthe relay unit 3 may always generate the link capacity information andmay send the link capacity information when a condition meets thecriterion.

Upon receipt of the link capacity information as a result of observationor measurement sent from the radio base station 2-1 or the relay unit 3(step S12 in FIG. 13), the radio network controller 4 analyzes thecontents of the link capacity information (step S13 in FIG. 13). Theradio network controller 4 determines based on the link capacity whetheran information rates for the information transmitted to or from each ofthe user terminals 1-1 and 1-2 should be decreased (step S14 in FIG.13). The radio network controller 4 designates the information rate foreach of the user terminals 1-1 and 1-2 according to the result of thedetermination (step S15 in FIG. 13). Here, the steps S12 to S15 in FIG.13 may be identical with the steps S3 to S6 in FIG. 7.

FIG. 14 is a sequence chart indicating operations to be performed in amobile communication system in accordance with the third exemplaryembodiment. FIG. 14 shows a sequence of assessing the downlink betweenthe radio base station 2-1 outside the mobile object A and the relayunit 3 in the mobile object A.

Referring to FIG. 14, similarly to FIG. 8, the relay unit 3 assesses thedownlink capacity.

However, the radio network controller 4 does not sends the downlinkcapacity assessment request or a request for downlink capacityinformation, but sends, in advance, the criterion for assessment to therelay unit 3 via the radio base station 2-1. (e1 and e2 in FIG. 14) Whena condition meets the criterion, the relay unit 3 sends the downlinkcapacity information to the radio network controller 4 via the radiobase station 2-1. (e3 to e5 in FIG. 14). Namely, in this case, the relayunit 3 voluntarily sends the link capacity information to the radionetwork controller when a condition meets the criterion.

FIG. 15 shows a sequence of assessing the uplink between the radio basestation 2-1 and the relay unit 3. Referring to FIG. 15, similarly toFIG. 9, the radio base station 2-1 assesses the uplink capacity.

However, the radio network controller 4 does not sends the uplinkcapacity assessment request or a request for uplink capacityinformation, but sends, in advance, the criterion for assessment to theradio base station 2-1. (y1 in FIG. 15) When a condition meets thecriterion, the radio base station 2-1 sends the downlink capacityinformation to the radio network controller 4. (y2 in FIG. 15). Namely,in this case, the radio base station 2-1 voluntarily sends the linkcapacity information to the radio network controller when a conditionmeets the criterion.

FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing the structure of a radio networkcontroller 6 included in fourth exemplary embodiment. According to thefourth exemplary embodiment, the configuration of a mobile communicationsystem is identical to that of the mobile communication system inaccordance with the first, second and third exemplary embodiments shownin FIG. 1, except that the radio network controller 6 substitutes forthe radio network controller 4. Referring to FIG. 16, the radio networkcontroller 6 comprises a user terminal grouping portion 61, a linkcapacity acquiring portion 62, an information rate comparing portion 63,an information rate designator 64, and a storage portion 65 and atransceiver 66.

The transceiver 66 is configured to transmits signal to the base station2-1 and to receives signals from the base station 2-1. Also, thetransceiver 66 is configured to transmits signals to the core equipment5 and receives signals from the core equipment 5. The user terminalgrouping portion 61 is configured to divide the user terminals(including 1-1 and 1-2) into groups. The link capacity acquiring portion62 acquires uplink capacity from the radio base station 2-1 and acquiresdownlink capacity from the replay radio base station 3.

The information rate comparing portion 63 is configured to compare ancurrent information rate for information transmitted from or to the userterminal 1-1 or 1-2 via the relay unit 3 with an available informationrate based on the radio link capacity.

The information rate designator 64 is configured to instruct the userterminals 1-1 and 1-2 to decrease their information rates, if the resultof the comparison demonstrates that the information rate based on theradio link capacity is lower than the current information rate. If thecurrent information rates for information transmitted to or from theuser terminals 1-1 and 1-2 become lower than the information rate basedon the radio link capacity because of a change in a radio-wavepropagation condition or a reduction in traffic, the instruction thatthe user terminals 1-1 and 1-2 should decrease their information ratesis canceled or the information rate-of-user terminal designator 64instructs the user terminals 1-1 and 1-2 to increase the informationrates.

The radio network controller 6 is a computer comprising at least acentral processing unit (CPU) (not shown) and a RAM (not shown) offeringa work area for calculation. Programs to be loaded into the RAM and runby the CPU are stored in the storage portion 65.

FIG. 17 shows the relationship between the user terminals UE 1 to UE 5(including 1-1 and 1-2) in the mobile object A according to the forthembodiment of the present invention and coder/decoders for encodinginformation destined for the respective user terminals, and states ofmemories associated with user terminals in a mobile object MN#1 and amobile object MN#2 in the mobile communication system.

Referring to FIG. 17, a voice service to be provided using a voicecoder/decoder will be described as an example. As explained in referenceto FIG. 1, the core equipment 5 comprises the coder/decoder 51. Thecoder/decoder 51 comprises coder/decoders CD 1 to CD 5 that produces anencoded audio signal destined for respective terminals UE1 to UE5 anddecodes the encoded audio signal received from the respective userterminals UE1 to UE5 providing a verbal speech service to the userterminals UE1 to UE5. Similarly, the user terminals UE1 to UE5 or theiraccessories comprise a coder/decoders that is configured to produce anencoded audio signal destined for the core equipment 5 and decodes theencoded audio signal received from the core equipment 5. In FIG. 17,dashed-line arrows indicate associations between the coder/decoder 51included in the core equipment 5 and the coder/decoders in the userterminals UE1 to UE5.

A MN index table 52 comprises information 53-1 and 53-2 showingassociation between the mobile objects (MN1 and MN 2) and the userterminals (UE1 to UE5). That is the MN index shows which mobile objecteach of the user terminal UE1 to UE5 exists in. In FIG. 17, three userterminals UE1 to UE3 exist in the mobile object MN#1, and two userterminals UE4 and UE5 exist in the mobile object MN#2. The MN index 52may be included in the user terminal grouping portion 61 in the radionetwork controller 4.

It is assumed that the information rates for the user terminals UE1 toUE3 in the mobile object MN#1 cannot be maintained because of a decreasein a capacity of a radio link between the mobile object MN#1 and theradio base station 2-1.

In this case, the radio network controller 6 recognizes that the linkcapacity for the mobile object MN#1 is decreased rather than MN #2, andthen refers to index tables 52 so as to find the user terminals in themobile object MN#1. Accordingly, the radio network controller finds theuser terminals UE1 to UE3 in the index table 52 (53-1) as user terminalsin the mobile object MN 1, and decreases the information rates forinformation transferred from the coder/decoders CD1 to CD3 in thecoder/decoder 51. Also, the coder/decoders (not shown) included in theuser terminals UE1 to UE3 are modified to reduce the information rates.

Similarly, in a situation where a capacity of a radio link for themobile object MN#2 is decreased, the radio network controller 6recognizes that the link capacity for the mobile object MN#2 isdecreased rather than MN #1, and then refers to index tables 52 so as tofind the user terminals in the mobile object MN#2. Accordingly, theradio network controller finds the user terminals UE 4 and UE 5 in theindex table 52 (53-2) as user terminals in the mobile object MN 2, anddecreases the information rates for information transferred from thecoder/decoders CD 4 and CD 5 in the coder/decoder 51. Also, thecoder/decoders (not shown) included in the user terminals UE 4 and UE 5are modified to reduce the information rates.

In a situation where both link capacities for the mobile objects MN#1and MN#2 are decreased, the radio network controller 6 refers to theindex tables 52, 53-1, and 53-2 to find the user terminals in the mobileobject MN 1 and MN 2. Accordingly, the radio network controller 6 findsthe user terminal UE1 to UE5 in the index table 52 (53-1 and 53-2) asuser terminals in the mobile object MN 1 and MN 2, and then decreasesthe information rates for information transmitted to or from the userterminals UE1 to UE5 at the same time. Following the information ratecontrol, if necessary, a transmission power for the radio link betweenboth the mobile objects MN#1 and MN#2 and the radio base station 2-1outside the mobile objects is decreased. Consequently, the radio linkcapacities are recovered.

In this exemplary embodiment; the information rate may be changed asdescribed with respect to the first embodiment. Furthermore, userterminals outside the mobile objects may also be grouped in the index52.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart describing operations to be performed by theradio network controller 6 shown in FIG. 16. Referring to FIG. 1, FIG.16, and FIG. 18, the operations of the radio network controller 6 willbe described below. Here, the operations described in FIG. 18 isimplemented by a program stored in the storage portion 65 that is run bythe CPU.

The radio network controller 6 groups the user terminals 1-1 and 1-2.That is, the radio controller 6 divides the user terminals 1-1 and 1-2into groups (step S21 in FIG. 18). If the radio network controller 6recognizes a necessity of assessing a link capacity (step S22 in FIG.18), the radio network controller 6 sends a link capacity assessmentrequest to the radio base station 2-1 outside the mobile object and tothe relay unit 3 in the mobile object (step S23 in FIG. 18).

On receiving the link capacity information as the result of observationor measurement sent as a response from the radio base station 2-1 or therelay unit 3 (step S24 in FIG. 18), the radio network controller 6analyzes the contents of the link capacity information (step S25 in FIG.18). The radio network controller 6 compares the current informationrates of the user terminals 1-1 and 1-2, which are performingcommunication via the relay unit 3 in the mobile object, with anavailable information rate based on the radio link capacity (step S26 inFIG. 18). The radio network controller 6 may receive the link capacityinformation that is voluntary sent from at least one of the radio basestation 2-1 or the relay unit as described with respect to the thirdembodiment.

If the available information rate associated with the radio linkcapacity is lower than the current information rate (step S27 in FIG.18), the radio network controller 6 instructs all the user terminals 1-1and 1-2 and/or the core equipment 5 to decrease their informationtransfer rates (step S28 in FIG. 18). On the other hands, if theavailable information rate is higher than the current information rates(step S27 in FIG. 18), the radio network controller 6 cancels theinstruction that the information transfer rates should be decreased orinstructs the user terminals 1-1 and 1-2 and/or the core equipment toincrease the information rate (step S29 in FIG. 18).

The steps of S22, S23, S24 and S 25 in FIG. 18 are substantiallyidentical with the steps of S1, S2, S3 and S4 in FIG. 7.

According to the fourth exemplary embodiment, the radio networkcontroller 6 may separately control the information rates of userterminals so that the information rate of each user terminal isdetermined based on a kind of service that each user terminal enjoys.Furthermore, the radio network controller 6 may divide the userterminals in to groups based on the service.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a structure of a radio networkcontroller 7 included in a fifth exemplary embodiment. Referring to FIG.19, the radio network controller 7 comprises a movement propertyidentifying portion 71, a future position inferring portion 72, an areainferring portion 73, an information rate calculator 74, an informationrate designator 75, storage portion 76 and a transceiver 77. Theconfiguration of a mobile communication system in accordance with thefifth exemplary embodiment is identical to that of the mobilecommunication system in accordance with the first exemplary embodimentshown in FIG. 1, except that the radio network controller 7 substitutesthe radio network controller 4. Moreover, in the present exemplaryembodiment, the mobile communication system is adapted to a case wherethe mobile object A is navigated along a laid track such as a railwaytrack.

The transceiver 77 is configured to transmits signals to the basestation 2-1 and to receives signals from the base station 2-1. Also, thetransceiver 77 is configured to transmits signals to the core equipment5 and receives signals from the core equipment 5. The movementidentifying portion 71 is configured to identify the movement-relatedproperty of the mobile object A that is navigated along a laid tracksuch as a railway track. The future position inferring portion 72 isconfigured to infer a prospective (future) position of the mobile objectA from the movement-related property of the mobile object A identifiedby the movement property identifying portion 71. The area inferringportion 73 is configured to infer a radio base station area at theprospective (future) position of the mobile object A inferred by thefuture position inferring portion 72.

The information rate calculator 74 is configured to calculate anavailable information rate from the capacity of a link for the radiobase station 2-1 or other radio base station outside the mobile objectA, which covers the prospective radio base station area inferred by theradio base station area inferring means 73. The information ratedesignator 75 is configured to designate the information rates of therespective user terminals 1-1 and 1-2, which are performingcommunication via the relay unit 3 in the mobile object A, so that thesum of the information rates does not exceed the available informationrate calculated by the information rate calculator 74, after the mobileobject A enters the radio base station area inferred by the radio basestation area inferring means 73. The information rates may be designatedor controlled on or before the mobile object A moves into theprospective radio base station area.

The radio network controller 7 includes a computer comprising at least acentral processing unit (CPU) (not shown) and a RAM (not shown)providing a work area. Programs to be loaded into the RAM and run by theCPU are stored in the storage portion 76.

FIG. 20 is a flowchart describing operations to be performed by theradio network controller 7 shown in FIG. 19. FIG. 21 shows the mobileobject A that is navigated along a laid track such as a railway trackaccording to the fifth exemplary embodiment. Referring to FIG. 1 andFIG. 19 to FIG. 21, the operations of the base radio network controller7 will be described below. The operation described in FIG. 20 isimplemented by a program, which is run by the CPU, stored in the storageportion 76.

If the radio network controller 7 recognizes the necessity of assessingthe capacity of a link as to the relay unit 3 in the mobile object A(step S31 in FIG. 20), the radio network controller 7 identifies themovement-related property of the mobile object A. The movement-relatedproperty may be a moving speed or may be grasped based on a schedule ora timetable in a case where the mobile object A belongs to a trafficsystem, such as a train system or a bus system. (step S32 in FIG. 20).

Thereafter, the radio network controller 7 infers the prospective(future) position of the mobile object A on the basis of themovement-related property of the mobile object A (step S33 in FIG. 20),and infers a prospective radio base station area covered by the radiobase station 2-1 or other radio base station (a prospective radio basestation) outside the mobile object A to which the mobile object A wouldmove (i.e., a radio base station area to be employed next) (step S34 inFIG. 20).

The radio network controller 7 determines based on the radio linkcapacity in the inferred prospective radio base station area (e.g., theradio link capacity in the radio base station area measured in advance)whether the current information rates for the respective user terminals1-1 and 1-2 transfer information should be decreased. The radio networkcontroller 7 may acquire link capacity information from the prospectivebase station. The decision whether information rate should be decreasedis made in the same manner as described with respective to either thefirst, second, third or fourth exemplary embodiment (step S35 in FIG.20).

After the mobile object A moves to the inferred prospective radio basestation area (step S36 in FIG. 20), the radio network controller 7designates or controls the information rates of the user terminals 1-1and 1-2 according to the result of the determination (step S37 in FIG.20). The information rates may be designated or controlled on or beforethe mobile object A moves into the prospective radio base station area.The designation and control of the information rates may be performed inthe same manner as described with respect to either the first, second,third or fourth exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 21, the operation to be performed in a situation wherethe mobile object A is navigated along a laid track such as a railwaytrack will be described below. FIG. 20 shows that the mobile object Amoves to pass through a plurality of areas area #1 (8-1), area #2 (8-2),and area #3 (8-3) that are covered by the radio base station 1-2 orother radio base station included in the mobile communication system.

As the mobile object A is, as shown in FIG. 20, navigated along a laidtrack, a trajectory of the movement of the mobile object A isdetermined, in advance, based on a railroad. The radio networkcontroller 7 may infer the position of the mobile object A at a certaintime instant from a current point where the mobile object. A located, acurrent time, and a moving direction thereof.

Assume that it is recognized that the mobile object A located in area #1(8-1) moves toward area #2 (8-2) and area #3 (8-3) along the laid trackshown in FIG. 21. That is, it is assumed that the movement-relatedproperty of the mobile object A is specified. For example, a positionrecognizing means or feature that recognizes a relative position in anarea and that is included in a radio base station which covers the area#1 (8-1) may be used to recognize or check whether the mobile object ismoving toward area #2 and area #3. Alternatively, a diagram of a railwaysystem may be referred in order to specify the movement related propertyof the mobile object A. In this case, the position recognizing meansincluded in the radio base station recognizes or checks themovement-related property of the mobile object A by using the diagram ofthe railway system.

For example, if the radio link capacity in area #2 (8-2) is lower thanthat in area #1(8-1), the information rates of the user terminals 1-1and 1-2 in the mobile object A may be set to appropriate values, beforethe mobile object A actually enters area #2 (8-2).

Consequently, the information rate for information transferred betweenthe mobile object A and the radio base station 2-1 or other radio basestation outside the mobile object A can be determined more quickly andmore effectively than they are determined by assessing a radio linkcapacity after the mobile object enters a new area. Moreover, thetransmission power on the radio link between the mobile object A and theprospective radio base station 2-1 or other radio base station can becontrolled beforehand. Accordingly, a phenomenon in that the radio linkcapacity in the new area temporally decreases can be avoided.

The mobile communication system in accordance with the present inventioncan be adapted to other mobile objects in a traffic system whosemovement-related properties can be estimated, such as, a route bus, amarine vessel, and an airplane that enter service regularly. As for theroute bus, a small error is likely to occur in the cruising timeinstants due to a traffic situation. However, the traveling route ispredetermined. Whichever of areas the route bus will move into nextafter leaving a certain area can be inferred. As for the marine vessel,although the moving range of the marine vessel is wider than a rangethat a normal portable cellular phone system can cover, a route to befollowed by the marine vessel can be estimated.

As for the airplane, the moving range is a three-dimensional space,though those of the route bus and marine vessel are a two-dimensionalspace. However, it is possible to estimate an area, to which theairplane moves, covered by a base station or other equipment that coversthe three-dimensional space.

In a situation where the mobile object is airplane, a kind or anattribute of a radio base stations disposed outside the mobile objectwith which the mobile object communicates would be changed depending ona flight altitude or state of the mobile object.

For example, when the altitude of the airplane is low, a radio basestation installed on the ground may be used as a radio base station withwhich the airplane communicates. When the altitude of the air plane ishigh, a communication satellite flying in cosmic space may be adopted asthe radio base station with which the airplane communicates. Thecommunication satellite flying in the cosmic space may be adopted in acase where a radio base station cannot be installed on the ground forsome reasons, such as a geopolitical situation. In such a case, theradio base station with which the mobile object communicates is notinstalled on a fixed basis but orbits around the Earth. Therefore, akind or an attributes of the radio base station disposed outside themobile object, with which a relay unit installed in the mobile object(the airplane) would be changed depending on the flight state of theairplane itself, that is, whether the airplane has not taken off, iscruising at a low altitude after takeoff, is cruising at a highaltitude, is cruising at a low altitude in preparation of landing, orhas been landed. Furthermore, the kind or the attribute would be changeddepending on a region in which the airplane is navigated.

Moreover, Although a movement-related property of a mobile object maynot be estimated exactly, in some situations, the movement-relatedproperty may be recognized to some extents in connection with an ambientsituation. For example, A movement-related property of an automobile (anmobile object), which moves around a region where a dedicated road suchas an expressway may be recognized. In the region, the automobile mustpass through a branching mechanism such as an interchange or an exit topart from the region and move to an open road. Therefore, in an areawhere such a mechanism or facility is not provided, a destination areainto which the automobile will move may be estimated by recognizing orchecking a current position of the automobile and a moving directionthereof. When the capacity of a radio link in the destination area islearned in advance, an information rate and transmission power which aresuitable for the situation in the destination area may be determined inadvance.

The foregoing procedure is not limited to the dedicated road but may beapplied to open road to some extents. Moreover, the mobile object is notlimited to objects belonging to a traffic system (service). The presentinvention may be adapted to a passenger moving means for a privatepurpose, such as a sightseeing bus or a microbus, as long as themovement-related property of the passenger moving means can beestimated.

A moving range and a direction (the movement-related property) of themobile object A may be recognized or checked using a feature provided asa constitutional feature of an ordinary mobile communication system.Also, a feature included in a traffic system, such as a diagram, a timeschedule, and a route schedule, may be used for recognizing the movingrange and the direction (the movement-related property) of the mobileobject A. Furthermore, a positioning means, such as, a globalpositioning system (GPS) or a positioning means disposed in the vicinityof the mobile object A may be used to recognize or check themovement-related property of the mobile object A.

As mentioned so far, according to the embodiments, if a shortage in aradio link capacity occurs on a radio link between the relay unit 3 in amobile object and the radio base station 2-1 outside the mobile object,the information rates of the respective user terminals 1-1 and 1-2 inthe mobile object are set to values associated with the capacity of theradio link between the relay unit 3 in the mobile object and the radiobase station 2-1 outside the mobile object. Thus, the information ratesor transmission power on the radio link between the relay unit 3 in themobile object and the radio base station 2-1 outside the mobile objectcan be quickly adjusted. Moreover, since the information rates of theuser terminals 1-1 and 1-2 are designated, a coding rate can beimmediately adjusted according to each of the information rates.Compared with a case where the information rates are tentativelyadjusted, occurrence of an error in transferred information is moresuppressed.

Consequently, information rate or transmission power between a relayunit within a mobile object and a radio base station disposed outsidethe mobile object can be adjusted quickly. Occurrence of an error ininformation to be transferred from or to a user terminal can besuppressed.

While the present invention has been particularly illustrated anddescribed with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, the inventionis not limited to these embodiments. It will be understood by those ofordinary skill in the art that various changes in structure, form, anddetails may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scopeof the present invention as defined by the following claims.

1. A radio network controller, comprising: a controller configured todetermine available information rate for communication, via a first basestation, between a plurality of terminals and a second base stationbased on link capacity information for wireless communication betweenthe first base station and the second base station, and to control eachof information rates for the communication between the plurality ofterminals and the second base station, based on the availableinformation rate, the plurality of terminals and the first base stationbeing in a mobile object, the second base station being outside themobile object.
 2. The radio network controller according to claim 1,wherein the controller receives the link capacity information from atleast one of the first base station or the second base station.
 3. Theradio network controller according to claim 2, wherein the link capacityinformation comprises uplink capacity information and down link capacityinformation, the information rates comprise uplink information rates anddownlink information rates, the available information rate comprises anavailable uplink information rate and an available downlink informationrate, the controller sends a request for the downlink capacityinformation to the first base station, receives the downlink capacityinformation from the first base station, determines the availabledownlink information rate based on the downlink capacity information andcontrols the downlink information rates based on the available downlinkinformation rate, and the controller sends a request for the uplinkcapacity information, receives the uplink capacity information from thesecond base station, determines the available uplink information ratebased on the uplink capacity information and controls the uplinkinformation rates based on the available uplink information rate.
 4. Theradio network controller according to claim 2, wherein the link capacityinformation comprise an uplink capacity information and a down linkcapacity information, the information rates comprise uplink informationrates and downlink information rates, the available information ratecomprises an available uplink information rate and an available downlinkinformation rate, the controller receives the downlink capacityinformation from the first base station, determines the availabledownlink information rate based on the downlink capacity information andcontrols the downlink information rates based on the available downlinkinformation rate, the downlink capacity information being sent from thefirst base station when the first base station recognizes, based on afirst criterion, that it is necessary to send the downlink capacityinformation, and the controller receives the uplink capacity informationfrom the second base station, determines the available uplinkinformation rate based on the uplink capacity information and controlsthe uplink capacity information based on the available uplinkinformation rate, the uplink capacity information being sent from thesecond base station when the second base station recognizes, based on asecond criterion, that it is necessary to send the uplink capacityinformation.
 5. The radio network controller according to claim 4,wherein the controller sends at least one of the first criterion or thesecond criterion to the first base station or the second base station,respectively.
 6. The radio network controller according to claim 4,wherein the first criterion and the second criterion are predeterminedvalues of at least one of a signal to noise ratio, a carrier tointerference ratio, a symbol error rate, a bit error rate, or a frameerror rate.
 7. The radio network controller according to claim 1,wherein the controller reduces the information rates when a sum of theinformation rates exceeds the available information rate.
 8. The radionetwork controller according to claim 1, wherein the controller controlsall the information rates simultaneously.
 9. The radio networkcontroller according to claims 1, wherein the controller separatelycontrols each of the information rates.
 10. The radio network controlleraccording to claims 9, wherein the controller controls each of theinformation rates based on a kind of service that each terminal enjoys.11. The radio network controller according to claims 1, wherein thecontroller infers a prospective base station outside the mobile objectwith which the first base station would communicate, and controls theinformation rates based on prospective link capacity information forcommunication between the first base station and the prospective basestation.
 12. The radio network controller according to claims 11,wherein the controller determines a prospectively available informationrate for the communication between the plurality of terminals and theprospective bases station based on the prospective link capacityinformation.
 13. The radio network controller according to claims 11,wherein the prospective base station is inferred by estimating aprospective route that the mobile object would follow.
 14. The radionetwork controller according to claims 13, wherein the prospective routeis estimated by at least one of a predetermined time schedule, apredetermined route schedule, or information obtained from a globalpositioning system.
 15. A radio network controller, comprising: meansfor determining available information rate for communication, via afirst base station, between a plurality of terminals and a second basestation based on link capacity information for wireless communicationbetween the first base station and the second base station, and meansfor controlling each of information rates for the communication betweenthe plurality of terminals and the second base station, based on theavailable information rate, the plurality of terminals and the firstbase station being in a mobile object, the second base station beingoutside the mobile object.
 16. A method, comprising: providing aplurality of terminals and a first base station in a mobile object,providing a second base station outside the mobile object; anddetermining available information rate for communication between theplurality of terminals and the second base station based on linkcapacity information for wireless communication between the first basestation and the second base station; and controlling each of informationrates for the communication between the plurality of terminals and thesecond base station based on the available information rate.
 17. Themethod according to claim 16, further comprising receiving the linkcapacity information from at least one of the first base station or thesecond base station.
 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein thelink capacity information comprises uplink capacity information and downlink capacity information, the information rates comprise uplinkinformation rates and downlink information rates, the availableinformation rate comprises an available uplink information rate and anavailable downlink information rate, the step of receiving the linkcapacity information comprises, sending a request for the downlinkcapacity information to the first base station; sending a request forthe uplink capacity information to the second base station; receivingthe downlink capacity information from the first base station; andreceiving the uplink capacity information from the second base station,and the step of determining the available information rate comprisesdetermining the available down information rate based on the downlinkcapacity information, and determining the available uplink informationrate based on the uplink capacity information, and the step ofcontrolling the information rates comprises controlling the downlinkinformation rates based on the available downlink information rate; andcontrolling the uplink information rates based on the available uplinkinformation rate.
 19. The method according to claim 16, furthercomprising assessing downlink capacity when the first base stationrecognizes, based on a first criterion, that it is necessary to assessthe downlink capacity, assessing uplink capacity when the second basestation recognizes, based on a first criterion, that it is necessary toassess the uplink capacity, wherein the link capacity informationcomprises uplink capacity information based on the assessed uplinkcapacity and down link capacity information based on the assesseddownlink capacity, the information rates comprise uplink informationrates and downlink information rates, the available information ratecomprises an available uplink information rate and an available downlinkinformation rate, the step of determining the available information ratecomprises determining the available downlink information rate based onthe downlink capacity information, and determining the available uplinkinformation rate based on the uplink capacity information, and the stepof controlling the information rates comprises controlling the downlinkinformation rates based on the available downlink information rate, andcontrolling the uplink information rates based on the available uplinkinformation rate.
 20. The method according to claim 19, furthercomprising sending at least one of the first criterion or the secondcriterion to the first base station or the second base station,respectively.
 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein the firstcriterion and the second criterion are predetermined values of at leastone of a signal to noise ratio, a carrier to interference ratio, asymbol to error rate, a bit error rate, or a frame error rate.
 22. Themethod according to claim 16, wherein the step of controlling theinformation rates further comprises reducing the information rates whena sum of the information rates exceeds the available information rate.23. The method according to claim 16, wherein all the information ratesare controlled simultaneously in the step of controlling the informationrates.
 24. The method according to claims 16, wherein each of theinformation rates is separately controlled in the step of controllingthe information rates.
 25. The method according to claims 24, whereineach of the information rates is controlled based on a kind of servicethat each terminal enjoys.
 26. The method according to claim 16, furthercomprising inferring a prospective base station outside the mobileobject with which the first base station would communicate, controllingthe information rates based on prospective link capacity information forcommunication between the first base station and the prospective basestation.
 27. The method according to claim 26, further comprisingdetermining a prospectively available information rate for thecommunication between the plurality of terminals and the first basesstation based on the prospective link capacity information.
 28. Themethod according to claim 26, wherein the prospective base station isinferred by estimating a prospective route that the mobile object wouldfollow.
 29. The method according to claims 28, wherein the prospectiveroute is estimated by at least one of a predetermined time schedule, apredetermined route schedule, or information obtained from a globalpositioning system in the step of inferring the prospective basestation.
 30. A terminal in a mobile object, comprising: a transceiverconfigured to communicate, via a first base station, with a second basestation at an information rate, the first base station being in a mobileobject, the second base station being outside the mobile object; and acontroller, coupled to the transceiver, configured to control theinformation rate based on an available information rate forcommunication between a plurality of terminals in the mobile object,which include the terminal, and the second base station, the availableinformation rate being based on a link capacity for wirelesscommunication between the first base station and the second basestation.
 31. The terminal according to claim 30, wherein the controllercontrols the information rates according to an instruction based on theavailable information rate from a radio network controller coupled tothe second base station.
 32. The terminal according to claim 30, whereinthe controller reduces the information rate when a sum of informationrate for the plurality of terminals exceeds the available informationrate.
 33. A terminal in a mobile object, comprising: a transmitting andreceiving means for communicating, via a first base station, with asecond base station at an information rate, the first base station beingin the mobile object, the second base station being outside the mobileobject; and a controlling means, coupled to the transmitting andreceiving means, for controlling the information rate based on anavailable information rate for communication between a plurality ofterminals in the mobile object, which include the terminal, and thesecond base station, the available information rate being based on alink capacity for wireless communication between the first base stationand the second base station.
 34. A mobile communication system,comprising: a first base station in a mobile object; and a second basestation outside the mobile object, wherein the first base stationcomprises a first transceiver configured to communicate, via wirelesssignals, with a terminal in the mobile object, and to communicate, viawireless signals, with the second base station, and a first controller,coupled to the first transceiver, configured to measure a downlinkcapacity for the communication between the first base station and thesecond base station, and the second base station comprises a secondtransceiver configured to communicate, via wireless signals, with thefirst base station, and a second controller, coupled to the secondtransceiver, configured to measure a uplink capacity for thecommunication between the first base station and the second basestation.
 35. The mobile communication system according to claim 34,further comprising a radio network controller coupled to the second basestation, wherein the first controller in the first base station sendsthe downlink capacity information to the radio network controller viathe first transceiver and the second base station, and the secondcontroller in the second base station sends the uplink capacityinformation to the radio network controller via the second transceiver.36. The mobile communication system according to claim 35, wherein theradio network controller comprises a third transceiver configured tocommunicate with the second base station, and a third controllerconfigured to receiver the uplink capacity information and the downlinkcapacity information via the third receiver, and to control each ofinformation rates for communication between a plurality of terminals inthe mobile object and the second base station based on the uplinkcapacity information and the downlink capacity information.
 37. A mobilecommunication system, comprising: a first base station in a mobileobject; and a second base station outside the mobile object, wherein thefirst base station comprises a first transmitting and receiving meansfor communicating, via wireless signals, with a terminal in the mobileobject, and for communicating, via wireless signals, with the secondbase station, and a first controlling means, coupled to the firsttransmitting and receiving means, for measuring a downlink capacity forthe communication between the first base station and the second basestation, and the second base station comprises a second transmitting andreceiving means for communicating, via wireless signals, with the firstbase station, and a second controlling means, coupled to the secondtransmitting and receiving means, for measuring an uplink capacity forthe communication between the first base station and the second basestation.